Apparatus for purifying water or sewage.



C. F. WALLACE M. F. TIERNAN. APPARATUS FOR PURIFYzNR WATER 0R SEWRGE.

APPLICATION ILED ...RNAi 1 .31 2in.

Paented Nov. 5, 1918.

6 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

C. F. WALLACE & M. F. TIERNAN. l APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER 0R SEWAGE.

Z a 4 ,Z a W W www w i d rf u e ff M W W IM l LI a 7 /L MM nf/wf W 5 a x f5 V i, W/ WW. 7 3

C. F. WALLACE VI. F. TERNAN.

APPARATUS FOR PURIEYING WATER 0R SEWAGE. APPUCATION HLED11AR.26.1915.

Patented Nov. 5, 1918.

CV. F. WALLACE & M. F. TIERNAN. APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER 0R SEWAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26. 19l5.

C. F: WALLACE M. F. HERNAN, APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WAYER OR SEWAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26,11915.

lliw// dta.

C. F. WALLACE & M. F. TIERNAN. APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER 0R sEwAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAH. 25. 1915.

Patented ov. 5, 1918.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

d WM5 UNITED t STATES- PATENT oEEioE.

tamarins E. wALLAoE, oF TOMPKINSVILLEJND MARTIN E. TIERNAN, or NEW l YORK, N. Y.,

' APPABATS FOB PUBIFYING WATER 0R SEWAGE.

To all whom'z't'may concern.'

Be it known that we,-CHARLEs F. WAI.-`

LACE andMAR'rrN F. Tmimamcitizens of the United States, residing at Tompkinsville,

borough of Richmond, city and State of New York, and New York, borough of Manhattan, county and State of New York, respectively, have invented certain new and useful I Improvements in Apparatus for Purifying Water orSeWage, of which the following is a clear, full, and exact description.

This invention relates to apparatus for purifying water, sewage, etc., and it is--of a type more especially adapted to the use'ot chlorin as the germicide. The use of chlorin for the purpose of killing the bacteria in water or sewage is well Known, and it is one of the purposes of the lpresent invention to provide especially for the handling of chlorin and the treating of water or sewage-thereby, through the medium of associated parts well adapted for the purpose. Other objects are to provide simple, efiicient and practical apparatus for the purpose mentioned.

These being among the objects of the present invention,itlie saine consists of certain features of construction and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and then claimed with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating suitable embodiments of the invention and in which-- Figure 1 is a 'front elevation of the apparatus for use 'with a Venturi connection in a water-main;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse section of the preferred differential pressure device, on the line 2-2 Fig. 1,4 showing also a control valve;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail section of said device on the line 3-3 Fig. 2, showing the preferred form of stuffing box;

Fight is a' section on the line 4-4 Fig. 2, showing a detail of said differential pressure device; f

Fig. 5 is a section of a three-way valve which is preferably used where successively emptied chlorin tanks are .employed Specification'of Lettersv ratent. y Patented Nov. 5, 1918. Application llledularch, 1915. Serial No. 17,122. I

section-being taken on the line 9 9 Fig. 8;

Fig. 9a is a modified detail of said flow meter;

Fig. 10 is a section of a pressure transmitting device showing the preferred means of reinforcing the diaphragm thereof, the section being taken von the line 10-10 Fig. 11;

Fi-g. 11 is a plan View of said device;

Fig. 12 is a detail of a control valve such as shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 13 is a vertical section of a back pressure valve, such as shown inline of piping at the left of Fig. 1;

Fig. 14 is a vertical central section ofa moditication of such valve, adapted for automatically holding at'a constant density a gas flowing in a pipe irrespective of surrounding conditions of temperature and pressure;

Fig. 15 is an enlarged central sectionof 'the 4device preferably employed for saturating with water, and diusing -and dissolving -tlie gas where it passes into the Water' or sewage to be treated;

Fig. 16 isa vertical section partly in elevation, illustrating a inodiicationin which Fig.' 18 is an enlarged section `of the diaphragm device used in Fig. 17 in connection with the float;

Fig. 19 is a side elevation of a modiication of partsof the apparatus showing a plurality of'pumps connected with a Water or sewagev reservoir at the point of application of the chlorin, anda Venturi connection for obtaiiiin a difference in pressure and through which the treated water or sewage may 'or may not pass; and

Fig. 20 is a modification in which the tloat is shown in connection with a weir.

A plurality of tanks containing liquid chlorin as a gerinicide, is preferably used,

and in such a'v case means are employed for automatically disconnecting one tank when the gas supply is exhausted and connecting up a full tankinto the system. Referring, therefore, to Fig. 1,it is assumed that water to be purified ypasses through a main comn prisi; the barrel ot'a Venturi connec. tion, zo. .ided with a. throat 26, and that 'twosicelfdasks 27, 2S. each containinga charge of liquecd chlorin, are enjiployed.

These flasks or tanks are provided with Valve y devices 29. 29 et well known type, for per- 1 te turn in said casing 34 and is A l with a threeavay channel the intermcdividedfwith three ports 35. and il niitting of the discharge of quantities' of gas so that in given periods `of time the same weight otgas will be lischarged. Flexible tubes 30, ma are connecl t at one end with the said valves, said tubes being fixed at intermediate one communicating with said pipe A rotary plug valve 88 is adaptedy ate branch ot' which is of such. cross section that it will connect a tank with pipe in both oit' the rotated positions of said plug, one of the side branches of said channel being specifically .tot the right-hand tar-.1li 27 and the other for the left-hand tank 28. lt will beY seen that in the "iosition shown in Eig. 'the channelpl-Q aid plug 38 will pci ut gas tronrtue righthand tank to pipe a pressure device rotated tothe-z1 be cut oft and in to the differential, if the plug is .and tank will will be cut vfrom. said 'This action ireferably aecoinpl ed automatically, hat no special attcndarnmris necessitated.

Meat/ne for 11a/tom vilt/1 Operating Utrecceeg.' cette.'

Such nie-ans. are indicated. in. Fig. 'l and are shown. in detail in Figs. and 7.

To "fe desired end7 the rotary plug valve car ies a. leyenarm 4t". which adapted to4 be thrown automatically troni. the position shown in Fig. 7 to a position to the left thereof. A pipe 4]. branches oli' from the main gas pipe 3Q. and connec'g with a pressure chamber 49. which is provided with a septum furnished by a flexible diaphfagm 43. The'A gas pressure in the pipe 4l is transn mitted into the lower compartment of said chamber 42 so as 'to act upon said diaphragm 43. The upper con'ipartnxent ot ic. chamber 42 is preferably filled with oil or other suit 4actuate said latch 46 able liquid and connects by means .of a tube llf3,with-the fllquid chamber of a pressure -gage 44, the detailed construction of which is wellA known. The object of thesaidgage is to indicate by means of the pointer'or indicator`45, the pressure of gas flowing into pipe 32, to which end the said gage is proyided with a graduated face. .A rocking latch 4G is preferably pivoted at its mid- .iength'at 46 on the framev 47 of an Aelectromagnet 48. The armatureitl is intended'to lever 4() from said latch. When releaseda spring pulls the lever overvto thatside onwmch said spring is located.` Said spring is lsliittable'so that it may be setto pull the leve/carni 40 either to tlieright or to the left, to which end the outer end of said sirin 1 is ada ted to vbe en aired over one or the otlierof two pins 51,l 52, located upon extensions of lthe magnet frame' 47. Itthe magnet is energized, with the parte in the position shown in Fig. 7, the latch 4G will operated to release the lever-arm 40,

whereupon the spring will pull said arm to the left'. thus connecting tank 2S with the gas line instcad'of tank 27. This` act-ion is accomplishel automatically when the supply'ot gas from tank 27 is exhausted.

To accomplish the desiredresuit, electric y power preferably employed. A circuit 53 includes battery 54 and said: circuitis at one endconnected with a post insulated from the pressure gage 44 by suitable insulation. Said post 55 supports a stationary spring contact 56, which is therefore located in tbe battery side of the circuit, and upon the dial of said gage. The indicator 45 is grounded on the casing of the gage so that it is in the electro-magnet side ot' said .circuit. In order to close the circuit and ener gize the'said 'magnet` said indicator 45 car- .ries a, Contact 57 which is of such length as `to make electric connection with the tired contact 56, when said contact 57 sweeps past it. 'y

The operation of said automatic valve control` mechanism is as follows. The indicator 45` of the pressure gage. isset to a maximum gas pressureindicated by the dial, and., in. r tting, the said indicator carries theniovm ble contact 57 to a point' in a clockwise 'direction with respect to the ixed contact 5G, so that said movable contact 1s located to :the right thereof as indicated'by dotted lines. it the clilorin gas is being supplied from the right-hand tank 27', the rotary plug valve 38 Fig. will be in the position shown, and the other parts in the position shownin Fig. 7. Now, when the pressure of gag from the tank 27 becomes low, due to the exhaust-ing of the supply of liquefied chlorin therein, the pressure on the' diaphragm will be reduced 'and the indicator 45 will be caused to turn in an antiso as to releasetlie` clockwise direction,l thereby sweeping they tracted, thereby operating the latch 46 and releasing and causing the o eration of lever'- arm 40 as before stated. hen'the circuit is broken the armature 49 will return, leavin .the lever-arm 40 locked by the left-'hand en of latch 46.' The attendant now disconnects the flask or tank 27 and installs a charged flask. He also disconnects the spring from thepin 51 and connects the same with the pin 52 at the right, so that when the latch is again operated the leverarm 40 will be pulled to the right and .con

neet up a charged flask 27 after the flask 28 has been emptied. The control device de- 'vscribedis ofcourse only one possible forni.

Reinforced diaphragm. l Pressuredevices or pressure-.reducing de- -vices are 'usually provided' with a diaphragm consistin a thin sheet rof suitable material such as t '1e diaphragm 43 shown in Fig. 6. Under resent invention the use of one or more suc vdiaphragmsis preferably involved. The' diaphragm is preferably thin and'sensitive and is suitably reinforced to avoiddanger of rupture or distortion when subjected to. high pressure. Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, which show a casing which may standffor any casing of such a device, the preferred construction of reinforced dia-A phragm is illustrated. The diaphragm Fig. 10 is provided withcoprugations-Q and a thicker central plate or disk 60. Disk is provided with a peri heral groove 61 or a series of notches, an -the inner edges of a series of segmental metal plates 62 are set into said. groove. The chamber sections 63, 6l, clamp thei` diaphragm 58 in position, and the section 64 is provided with an annular y 'groove or recess 65 in its inner periphery.

AIt will be seen that each of the series of re' inforcing plates'62, agamst which the dia-- phragm is adapted to rest, tapers from its outer to its inner edge, the narrower inner edges of said plates being set into groove 61 and the wider outer edges thereof into the groove. 65. Further, the adjacent edges of the said-plates are in contact, so that a complete annular series of such plates is provided. In the preferred construction the bottom of the annular groove 65 is beveled or the groove otherwise enlarged, but so as to hold the extreme outer-edges of said plates, while the width of the groove 61 in the disk 60 is somewhat greater than the thickness of said plates, for play. Consequently .the diaphragm is free to more through a fairlv large space without anyv friction and with almost perfect elasticity. Any great pressure put upon the diaphragm from its side of the diaphragm chamber will be withstood by the described series of reinforcing plates and. thereby the rupture of the diaphragm prevented. This construction also effectually removes all tensile stress from the diaphragm, thereby permitting a thin and senfsitive diaphragm to be used with high pressures. i l

` 00ct/rol 'val/ves.

' v l 75 All control valves used in this system are preferably constructed as show n in Fig. 12.

Theone shown is that which is directly associated with the difl'erentialpressure device 33, not yet described. As before stated main gas' pipe 32 is connected with the said differential pressure device, and the outgoing pipe 66 therefrom leads to the valve casing 67 of the control valve. `The outgoing .pipe 68 is furthermore connected with said valve casing. A needle valve 69 is arranged in valve chamber 70 which is a screw` threaded extension or neck of valve casing 67. Said valve casing 67 is provided with a duct composed of sections 71, 72, 73 which 90 are 'bored through said casing, and these ducts are adapted to connect pipe 66 with valve chamber 70 and the latter with pipe 68, while the valve end of the duct section 72 constitutes a valve seat. Screwed onto the screw-threaded chamber 70 is a nut 75 which acts in connection with the said chamber to secure a bushing 76 in such position as to guide the needle valve 69 to and from its seat. The outer end of the bushing 76 is 100 screw-threaded to receive a gland nut 77, which acts as a support fort-he needle valve.

The needle valve may be adjusted through vthread connection between the gland nut 77 110 und the hlad 78 is greater than that of the pitch of the screw thread between the valve stem and the head 78. This provides a differential screw connection between the valve and the gland nut and enables the valve to he adjusted longitudinally, while at the same time a fine adjustment for the valve is provided, with a comparatively large rotary motion of the handle of the valve. A tongue and groove connection between the valve stem and its guide ifs-unnecessary, inasmuch as the valve is held against -rotation through the medium of a packed cavityr4 81 in said bushing 76, the packing 82 in said cavity being squeezed therein b v the action of the gland nut when tightened up. By means of the differential screw connection a tine control of the flow of chlorin is provided.

The described 'control valve located vas mentioned provides for a drop in pressure,

the present system, in`

and the'A principle `olf thefVenturi connection volving Vthe saine and l through the Venturi throat. The valve of the dierent'ial vpressure device 83 (not yet described) will increase or decreasethis lflow of chlorin in direct ratio to the increased or decreased flowvl oit water, and thus maintain `low ot'chlorin proportional to the flow of water.

Differential Vpress-We cle/vice.

The differential pressure device 33 (Fig. 1)v shown in det-ail in Figs. 2, 3 and l., andthe object thereot1 is' tof'operate a valve which maintains a proportionate flow ol: chlorin to thetlowA ot water.4 The preferred construction et the said device as shown is predicated upon the use of six chambers, 83, 85a, but the number 'of these chambers is not a tired quantity.. Four' for instance may be used and substantially the saine operation. of the valve involved accomplished. As shown, lsaid chambers are in part formed through the medium of four east members or plates 87, 88, 89 and 90 which are suitably secured together, but the same ultimate object may evidently be accomplished a dittcrent con struction; as for .instance embodying the chambers S3, 83a in one unit, chambers 84: and 84a in another unit, and chambers 85 and 85 in a thirdunit, allseparated from each other, but suitably conneetedin the system, to function as will shortly appear.

The adjacent Walls ot each oit' the pairs of the sixl mentioned chan'xbers are composed l of flexible septinthat between chambers S3, 83'1 may be formed by diaphragm 91, .that

l'between' chambersl, 8er* by diaphragm. 92,

and that between the tivo other c 'xambers by dlapliragn'i Thesediaphragme may of course be quite thin and sensitive if a reinforced construction such as above described is used.

. Hlgh'pressure and loiv` 9o respectively7 are connected with the barrel 25 of the TvTeuturi connection and 26 of the Venturi. throat, as shown in Fig. 1. These pipes may be .provided with control valves 94, 95, and respectively lead to diaphragm chambers Set and 8a, so that the former is a high pressure chamber and the latter a low pressure chamber. .Secured to the casing member 90 of the differential m'essure device, as by a screw connection,

is that; Water flowing v'67 to vdiapllragm chamber 83,

pressure pipes 94,

a head or coupling element 96. Said head is provided with a short pipe section 32a to which the pipe 32 leading from the threeway valve is connected. At theotherside of thesaid head is a pipe connection 66 tol which ris connected pipe G6' which leads to i,

the control @valve 67. leads from a. point beyond theeontrolvalve drop in pressure across thesaid controlj/valve is transmitted to said diaphragm chamber.

For reasons which will appear later, the diaphragm chambers 83, are connected together byy a passage 99y which extends through the members or sections 88, 89, and the said chan'ibers are filled with a suitable liquid which is hermetically sealed therein. For all practical purposes it Willbe seen that the di'aphragms 91 and 93 act as one.

Head. or coupling member 96 is provided -with a duct 99 which leads from the pipe 32, said duetextendingin the direction of the central axis of the di'aphragn'i chambers, and

the terminal beingv constituted by a nipple `The chamber ot said valve casing leads by means ol? a duct 103 in the head 96 to the pipe 66 to the control. 104: branches ed in opposite direction and leads to a chamber extension 105 formed infthe associated member and head 9d, and which is extension of the diaphragm chamber 85. Consequently any pressure of the gas inducts 103, 104 Awill he transmitted to the diaplnagm 93. .Attached to the -eentral portion et diaphragm 93 is a hollow guard 106, into the hollow or chamber1107 .of which there extends 'a reoiprocatory rod or stem 108 which is guided throughthe .member S9, its inner end being in Contact with the diaphragm 9Q To properly seat the engaging end ci the'said r'od 108l against the guard 10G, the inner end of the chamber 107 is tapered, and it will be seen that any movement ot' the dia hra'gm 92 tovvardsaid rod 108 will move the". guard 106 and hence .the diaphragm 93 in the same direction.

The outer vend of the guardx106 is connected with the valve 10]., to which end a pair of parallel rods or stems 109, 110,

Fig. 4, are attached at their inner ends to said guard and at their outer yends are pro- A branch pipe 97 valve, while a duct.

so that the V25 increased pressure.

power to vsaid valve preferably com rehends j an improved construction of stu ng box. This 'is clearly illustrated in Fig. 3.- t will be seen; that the casing member 89 is provided With-a screw plug 113, through which l the stem or'rod 108 is guided, and said plug is secured to one end ofan elastic tube 114 preferably composed of rubber, the other end of said tube being secured to a collar 115 located on the-rod or stem 108. AThe walls of the, said rubber tube are supported by Vhelical springs 116, 1,17,v the former being coiled upon the exterior of said tube while the latter is located within said tube. The

1'5 spring 116 prevents the bursting of the tube 117 prevents the collapse 114 while Asprin supportsl the rubber away vof said tube, an

from the rod 108. It will be see-n that the i elasticity of the tubing 114 will allow sli ht no friction, and that there' can ,noA lea from the chanilier 84into the gas chamber 85, inasmuch as the elastic tubing is imper-- vious and covers the joint more tlghtly with The pressure beyond the valve 67 istransmitted ,througha diaphragm chamber 118 to agage 119 Fig. 1,- so that 4the pressure-'of the as at this point can be read o. Y

so T `e operationof the described diferential pressure `device and its valve, and the control valve 67 so far as its function is -allied thereto, will now be described. AIn the vconstruction described, the two chambers con- 3'5 taining the hermetically vsealed liquid may theoretically beconsidered as one as before stated, but practically there are two of them so that there can be no chance for aleak of gas from the gas side of4 said device tothe so water side thereof, or vice versa. The dro in pressure of-'tlie gas across'thecontro valve 67 willincrease with inc leased Hows .of gas, and in alike manner thedro in pressure across the, Venturi throat wil lincrease with -increased flows of water'.l When the contrl valve 67 has been' set for aparticular flow of chlorin to a particular flow fof water, an equilibriumv will be established between drops in pressure across the said controlvalve'and said Venturi throat. If there should be an increase inthe'flow of water, this equilibrium will be brokenand the differences in pressure in the diaphragm chambers 84, 84 which contain water will 5E act to deflect or press the diaphragm 92 upon the rod 108 thereby operating the needle` valve 101 to produce a ylarger opening for the gas as itfiows from pipe 32,1vnto pipe 66, and consequently more gas is ala 150 lowed to flow across the controlv valve 67.

When the diaphragm 92 has been forced 'forward far enough to allow suilicient gas passing the control valve 67 tocreate a drop in pressure across'sad valve in proportlon to the 4drop in pressure across the Venturi olf valves 94 and 95, t

throat, there will be pm 'rami aows ef lchlorin and water.. Shoul the fio'wof water become less, the ysa'id diaphragm will act in thebs'alne way,.it,y being forced back until. equilibrium is established.l 10 The line connections 135, 142 Fig. 1 have I not been referred to, but it is obvlous that should -thererbe greater.or less back pres'- sure of chlorm in said' line or greater or less pressure in the chlorin flasks or' tanks 27 28, 75 the valve 101 is automatically operate as follows: For reater flows of chlorin. diathe valve 101 because of the increased dro in .pressure across the control valve 671 ,'This 80 pressure will be 4transmitted to the da# phra m 91 by means ofl the hermetically seal body of liquid nchambers 85,

' and there will be established a iow of chloi'in l across the valve 67 such as to give equilib- B5 rum of pressures in chambers 84n and 85.

This will bring the diaphragm 91 'in equilibrium and thus establish a drop in pres- .l sureacross the valve 67, in proportion to the drop in pressure across the-Venturi connection, `thereby, "giving ,proportional flows of gas and water. l A valve 95" arranged between the ipes l94and 95 allows the pressures in the c -ambers of-the dier'ential pressure device,Fig. 95 4, to be cqualizedby opening it and shutting ereby enabling valve 101'to adjusted.

i The 'flow-meter.'

Located in a'break in the pipe 6 8 is a flow meter, which is shown in detail in Figs. 8

and 9. This is a device-for metering and 'measurn gases, which is hydraulic in prin-- ciplel an of' great simplicity and erma- 105 nent accuracy. The manometer t ereof,

shown in Fig. 8 will rst be described.`

This is located n'the pipe 68' between a I fixed orifice (Fig. 9) and the control valve A567. The two sectionsy of the pipe 68 110 .are joined toa head or body 121, and com" municatingwith the pi e.68 is a branch passage 12 in said hea which also communicatesA 'ith a tube 123 which is closed at its-lower end to form a pocket. Extend- 115 inginto this closed tube 123 is a tube 124 which is o n from end to end, its upper end being xed in a b'oredn the metal head 121. The lowered ofthe inner. tube 124 ,terminates a suitable distance above the 120 closed lower end 'of the outer tube 123, so

lthat a bodyrof liquid 125 in the lower end ence of most liquids has a very corrosive acl l but', isinertl to glass, i

nopart of the metal oi the head 1.21 comes inl contact with the acid. T he head is prom videdwlfh avlateral assagge lBOv/hieh leads into the lower endo a chamber 131 fixed on t-opxof the headgsaid chamber beine; subst-an tiallylinliiie with the tubes 1223, 1244;.` Le cated inthe sai'd chiunber is a reeeptacle or vessellSQ in the general form of an invcred bell, andits lower end is prei-'ided With/a "neck 133 whichv is yinserted info tlie upper shown' in Fig. 9 will be vdescribodl l vice lpreferably involwesiy ihe'l'iead 121 fof" be niadc l inaddition'to' said head and 1che aforesaid iixed oil-'Lize 1:20,

A `the manoiiietei',` although it may the orifice and provideviiieanr for Vinap end ,of the headso that the iijnperend oi' the' inner glass ti1liel24anay einer it; The said receptacle 132 audits neckA 13?) are alsopreferablvf'coinposed of glasshfor theA reasons Before describing `operation of ther nianoineter, the orifice, Vand it iiioi'uitiugg TlilS ciw a Separate pari: andy eonipiju.

a llaga 4chainbei;or @M1126 which ,'Suitaloly' mounted on the headllleo as to' cover the-orifice at any time ivitlioutiner ingy with `the liow ofgas. 'The fixed orifice"120,A

preferably inside of glass, yia loe'aiedlar, the

end of a shortA p'ie section lw'liich is inu eert-ed iii the licadfand connecte Vith the nue (38,' thatilie,llesenihed iiialiioinetei-is a l i loeaiedin the -hne :il'iead oi said llinedorifice. There' is'an annular passage .'lQS'around' pipe section v12T `which leads from 12o io 'lfhe ou! letl) to 'helii llroni l'rl'iis outlet there extends lhe lu nieu- 'iiioiied vlafiestal-passage 130 to themanoniei'ei nhaifiibei' I'1i-31, so bat the said connection 13G iS/a'l'ter the oriice 12() in the direction in whiel'r'tlie Hou' oli fia-i through olie line ocv' lh'e operation oi' the deacribed associated manoi'neier l and fixed -oriiiie iS as. follows lVlieii a flow of gas misura through thelixcd orilicelilO, there will be a dropviiilprijssui'e ioiossiliiei oriiom-said drop living eoii'iniiiiiiea'led lo the maiioiiwui' aud bsiiuifleadlyable 'froin a Scale a back of 'he glass tubes. lliefgreatifr 'proasure on, they surface of lhe bodvio'lf' liquid '125 in ille miler tube/5123 ff`auscs lieliquid to rise iii flic siuulieriiul'ie '1124, and tli'e'llillei'ence in. cross area of t rese Qi'ubes'fluiingr" eonipaizi'tively great, a vannali fdou'iiuiird 'deflection of the liquid in the Vouter lube will. cause a i-olnparatiely large 'rise of'llieflii-iuid-'i-urho inner tube. 'llii di ilei'lioii is a xiieasuii` ol the drop in prins are if( of# il-io fi'iiifiee aiiil consequently unil: indi eation'iolf :the -iiuiouiit of. fzliloriii doiviugi' `125,- the liquid yi;lie =iiiiiei' tube 125C and into lihe open. :receptaele orv vessel. lAs; this reeeptaele has a should be iiirovided with a filling o "fing l he the'. likedl Ythrough the line, being readable from riaid Scale. If for anyaeason there should be an excessive' flow of chloriiilendiiig to blow 'lic liquid oui-.of the ,10) 'er pari', of the outer tube vill be forced up thrinigh eapac'ity'greater than the amount of liquid en'iployed, it, will prevent any of the liquid frein Coming in Contact with the inet-al parte and' being of glass will preveiilii corrosion, Said'reeeptaele ,will` also holdi'lrhe liquid and prevent it, from running dov/ifi ,into die iai,-

'Yi'lien the extreme flow of gaa ceases,` 'die liquid will flow back `into the lower chamber or pocket. of the ouler glass tubo 123. The

glass Cap or chai'nber. 12V of the loiviue'iter permita` any obstruction of the fixed orifice 120 to be seen, which-,obstruction iuighb inl cated/ab@ '-tlie opeiinpper end of i'lie re! eepiacle 132, said orifice being' Closed as by 'l a suiable'plug 131% 'This eiiables 'thefohaige olavcid to be supplied to the outer tube The lined' e duin, 'eiuerjv, ec., ae shown in Figulll. linie on the exit end of the tube may he seeure l?? by in'eaiis of screw Cap lflf.

'The objeetof said porous lnediiii'ii isl to offer resistance to y ence iirpressuxre. iiifeaidgas ymay be ineas. urcil before and after i-txiaisse's therethri'iiigfli'n .A Han/i, premura @eZ/re (wid'czeofi': melun.

The gas line includes a. pipe which is coiiiiccled with die ouf'iei: 129 of theiouriioto'i'T and delivers gare o the, easing of 'the device shown.v in. detail' This device comprises two cau-- jiliragin, and said valve is ada pied to Qontrol the or ylhrough a valve eefitn luluiiyt,,the upper `eiid of' aduct M1 iii the eaaiiiigrl, Saidduct-being connected with' a pipi',y or tube 112 preferably of silver (See also l? gr'. 1)`. Locatedfabove, the diaphragm U58 Spring 143, the lower-'end off' the Spring loeiiig Seated upon the Central port-ion of the is' positioned in. a scat plate 144 up'on ivliieh 'hears a Set Screw 145 which ijsrscrewed into the di ap i: y

.e 120, inaj.' ne replaced hy body7 134; oi? 'porous material suoli `Cailfanaiiil the gas, so that the iliy'lfew diaijihragiii while the uppereudoif the Spring "l ,Clanified between the two eastings'l, ,v iS ajsilvor (1111x146 which iaflocaod i underside koit' the diaphragm. 'll 'divides the space below l of the cup 146, and through these the as passes in small jets from the lower cham er v 147 into the upper chamber;148. Preferably between the pipe .135 and the cup 146 there is located in the chamber 147 a screen 150 of suitable filtering material. The outer edge of the said 'screen is in contact with the casing section 136. while its -apex closely surrounds the upwardly projected central part l be seen that the cup 146 serves to trap a slightleakof'water from the silver vtube 142 should such occur when the chlorin is yintroduced into water under pressure and that the filter 150 serves to strain out any foreign particles in the gas which -mi ht lodge in the valve seat 140 and .inte ere with the pro er operation ofthe valve. In operation, t e spring. 143 is adjusted by the set'screw145 so as to hold theneedle valve against the valve seat at a redetermined tension. Gas passing into the ower chamber 147 and thence into the upper chamber '148, through the perforations 149, will act-:to raise the valve 139- when, a sulficient pressure is produced. Said back pressure valve will act somewhat in the nature of a check valve. l 4 y 'Temperature compensating fache'. This valve may be considered as a. modification of the back pressure valve just described, although the construction is very different, and the operation onlv partly similar. This device is shown in Fig'. 14. The pipe 135'L corresponds with the pipe 135 and pipc142 with pipe 142 in Fig. 1. A casing 151 is provided'comprising an upper chamber 152 and a lower chamber 15:3, formed by casting sections which are permanently secured together so as to clamp a diaphragm 154 within them. This' diaphragm .constiv -tutes theseptum between vthe two chambers 152, 153,and`being flexible, any diierences of pressure inl the two chambers will be; transmitted' to the diaphragm. 4Said diaphragm carries a needle valve 155 winch is adapted to work against a valve' scat 156 located in the lower chamber 153 at a point intermediate of the pipes' 135a and 142". The chamber 152 is of greater capacityuthan the chamber 153 and 1s jirovided at the top with aninlet piece 157 for air, which is invice is adapted to maintain a constant flow ofgas tliiongh the orifice, of the valve seat 'surrounding temperatures.

156 at a constant and predetermined density, i

regardless of varying temperatures, varying rates of flow or varylng back pressures from thc'ipoint of application of the gas' to the water or'sewage. This device is based upon the principle'that a constant drop in pressure through an orifice will give a constant vquantity of gas provided the density is constant, regardless of varying ressures or T is'constant density is maintained by the described device as follows: The chlorin. gas from the fixed measuring orifice 120 before referred to .is admitted into the lowerchamber 153 of the density compensating valve, and when the'pressure of gas in said chamber is sufliciently great, it will cause the diaphragm 154 to rise and allow`the gas to escape to the. oint. o f yapplication x at a. set rate. Shou d there be a change in temperature, the air lunder normal conditions being held at a constant volume will change in pressure.- This would causel a corresponding change in the pressure of the chlorin flowing through the measurin orifice which would counterbalance any c ange in density due to change of temperature` of the gas. itself. This gas being constant inf' density would give true readings in drop iii pressure across the orifice when such readings were once determined. The said valve'will also' act somewhat in the nature "of a check valve.

One of the objects of this device is to se- Cie cure distribution and the: solubility of v chlorin in water, and it is shown'in-detail 1n Fig. 15, while the manner inwhi'ch it may be associated in the system .described is shown" l in Fig. 1. In the latter figure the water main.

is shown as provided witltrla casing 25.* behind the Venturi connection. The silver tube 142 extends through thremoiable head 25" of said casing, and the chlorin 'diffusing'. devlce is attached to the lower end of the tube, 142 so 'as to be located Within the chant-i ber-of said casin 'Its position in the casing.

should be slight y above the bottom thereof as shown. The said diffusing device consists of a hollow head 158 comprising aV cup or" dished body 159, which may be composed of earthenware material such as orcelam. The

upper part of the dished bo y 159 is closed partly by a tcp Yplate or disk 160 which is preferab y but `not'neccssarily composed of porous material such as carborundum, ein# ery, alundum, or the like, while there is a bottom closure disk 161 of similar materia-l but of finer porosity than that of ,the upper disk 160. The smaller bottom disk is placed over the bottoni aperture 162 of the dished body 159, the wall of which is provided with i, dry statey and would be less easily u diffusing device bv means of a silverbusliing 164. i

The operation of the described chloriu diffusing device is as follows: The head 158 is immersed in Water, as in the -ifater main shown in Fig. 1; and as soon as the Water strikes the porous disks, the pores thereof Vtake up water and become saturated because of capillary action.A The gas under pressure. lo passing into said h Aad from the tube 142 is forced up through thepores of the upper disk .160, against the capillai)Y attraction of the Water, in very minute bubbles, whereby the chlorin is diiiused intotiie body of l5 Water surrounding` the dii-fusing head. As `lhese `bubbles are .in the act of passing throughthe upperporous disk 160tl'iey taire up a certainv amount of the Water and reach the main body of uatcr to be puriiied,` in a 2o practically saturated condition, Where because of this saturation and the. firmness of the louloblesy they gointo solution immediately over the coinparatiuelylarge upper surfaoeoi the porous upper disk.. l1t said 2.3 disk were dr v,-the. chioriu gas. would go through in' comparatively large .but l yThe lower porous disk 161 allows ary vwael `which may collect in the dislied body 159 to :so 'be forced throueii the said disk.4 NVhen the interior of the hollow body 158 .contains no wat-er, no gas willI ,escape through the lower porous disk .151 for the 1easori that this .disk being of a .finer degree of porosity than the 1 offers more resistance to the pas-- das; also lthis disk being at a io'wer :level thai?. the upper dis would` re- CarireV a greater pressureto force gas through it from the .sa-nie source. v

au A modification @of theapparatus is shown iis. Figs. `17 and 13, in which the automatic control device is connected up to a float over an orifice vinstead of to a Venturi throat as du. igl. Referring to aforesaid res, t-he support corresponding to that slioujrr in Fig. 1 carries vvarimis accessories. similar to .those shown. inf Fig. 1. The, two clilorin -.;ta1iks filiere. adapted similarly to theiirst rmoths apparatus to' controla. thiee' way 5o "ralvesucli .in ]3`ig 5' in .the sanievway as before.. Beyond this threaivay valve 173, fthe-reis a control; valve inthe gas line which mayebe similar to .that shown in .Figg and l tiefere `said -controlwalve is reached 'here is a5-.connected with theggasfline a differential pressure'device .1'71- which may be similar to .illustrated which the automatiegas .turn .connect and aetuates a rod 178, which in turn is in operative engagement withy the diaphragm 180.01 a pressure device 179, shown in detail in Fig. 18. The upper clianilierof pressure device 179 communicatesby nieansof @a sealed pipelSl `vitli the pressure cliarnber S4. of the differential pressure device shown in Fig. 2. place of the pipe 94 shown .in said ligure and in Fim l. Also in this modification,v the chamber of the device of Fie'. 2 is-o en dire-ct atmospheric pressure.

The hydaulie formula for tliesdiscliarge or" liquid throughaii orifice, such vas .175, with raryinghead is practically thesarne In this case the pipelSl takesthe to the 1r so as tote sulijecte as for the discharge ofXV the lovv, of liquid through a. Venturi throat suoli 4as in Figlf means. of the .described nlodilicatiomtlre variation, of head over orifice s uch as 1 75l can betransniitted to chamber 84 in the dii'ereutial pressure device', indicated by 1.7{1- in the presentinodification, s o that there can be maintained aproportioniriI the -loui of ehlorin gastlirough. the control valve 173 and the discharge vofr` `water througli'the .said orifice. The iioat 1763heilig.-hernp'etrv cally sealed and or' constant cross areagtiansf inis its motion to the diaphragmlSOl NW 1 'the-reis an increase of water for 'tli'e oriil, there must be an increased head.- increased head will cause an increased u ard thrust of the float 176 upon tliedia-" p iragm This thrust in turn com-i iiiuiiieated by means of the `column of airin pipe 181 to the diaphragm 92 (Fig. 2),Whioh ii'orces the 'valve stem 'outvvardlyand opens. te allow more gas to flow the ,valve 1&1 s through the eontrolvalve 173 (Fig. 17)' 1111- til the drop in pressure across'the saidl cion- .trol valve is proportional'to the .increased thrust o'- tlie tloat. The apparatus descrilied is associated with a. line `of gas discharge" piping and concomitant`parts,'\vhich pipiiw is terminated y by ages diuser as in. Fig; l

The latter device maytreat'thel 'Water which issues hack of the orifice in obvious in anner.

En lfig. 19 astill .further niodification'is regulatiigj. apparatus such as before described is com'xected with a small venturi .which in pumped. .In said figure there is shownsa threelargepumpsfl, 186 and ,u ips s, 1&6 and 18"'"." fliers .raps or more are operating simultathere must he a definite ratio in the the sinall "puirips 185, T185* and which are respectively associated."

the small si up to the corresponding lie d to a nuinber of pumps so .that the drop in pressure acrossv the venturl will se a. ineasur e of the amountof Water Leganes i827 188 emrneeied with Suid pumps exend into :i he y of unter in u reservoir or luuk 18S' having nn orifice 18W il desired. rhe pipes 5 ll, wl und leading away 'from Suid pui'npfs 133', LSG, 18T, ure eonneeted up to n, ven'l'uri 193, with the bnrrelor' whichis eonnered :L pipe 19d, und with the throat {hei-emi' rhere connected u pipe 195. while in ihe lzn'gger pumps 185, 186, 187, diselun-Qe hroug'h )ipe 190 lo any desired poin. Huid piiires 194, 195, will permit the transniiviriiu of differences oli pressure lo he difl il pressure deviee such :is shown in The wider Honing through the \.en he seni' buehr *ro ille reservoir 1,89 3 .:-nuection indicated in do Sed wherely u, closed n'ul'er eireulnling u: i@ provided, enabling the wider e "ed over und over again, und lo lie use/,il ,i eperu're .ysein Vlroni lne mier whieh actually ti with the clilorin, (,vi comy :deo ille ehlorin d ei niej. lie inlrei iuo l'he herir e? einer 1W uw :dion'n in iull iines; in Fig. i9, 'in wliieh raue, the dotie" eenneeion fron; the venturi lumi; to

rvoir is omitted. clear lihzit with increased or'deereiwed speed the large piunps 185, i813 and 1ST heije willv be e. i'iropor'tioinilie increase or decrease of the amount of Water pumped by iie unfall pumps, the total of which will be hrough :lie Venuri meier "923 in common wih them. if the speed ol" the u, large pumps should lee doubled, the :unounln of Wider fr ,eed through the if'en'uri will elw. double :ind iehe drop in pressure will be nepi-ii, nale "to the amount of Waiter i i nd :is the Suid venturi in eonneeed gas regulating upper-utils, there neporionute flow or" me to the automatic device is opereed by Your, 196 wheSe position is deteri head over a Weir, through un 2:4 im'. In this #use The lion apeeiul shape, Such :is shown, instaure So :as io gire a igiroporionul usr io llie :infomatie vulve und so innin- 'low of chlorin und We;

- r ireulld, vaiying d oi, :1' the. Weir. ihe operation of the yrnodili ation shown in :'O is practically the sume us for the 2 "mening Shown in, Fig. i7I

n'ion covers the autoniui'e een# he flow of any gases or liquids; ller: of any other ruf or liquids Cerluin ffuit'ures in thin isly he fadnp'ed tool/iler :nee hose covered luf upplirniens'" l Numbers i?,l w

` U5 @il (W il (ill lll''xlifll. novel per i ironidal also decrease in size.' The suction pipes mi the, writer 'euries4 in liinzition und certain processes are disclosed herein which will be nmde the subjee, of se; urnte upplienioun. i

l?, in obvious that the invention in .suscep- .fihle oll infidiiienl'lion, us parts muy be omitted. pures added, und parts eulistitnted withour departing from the spirit und scope hereoi' :is expressed in the claims,

What we eluini :is new is tl. ln :apparatus elhe class described, the emnliiinition oi' ineens for esi'ublishing u difference in pressure of u flowing substance, conducting ineens for u, ueeond flowing,r substance fo: conducting il'y to u substance to lie Lrened, n control vulve loeuted in Suid conducting menneA for causing u drop in preferire of seid second firming substance, und :i diii'erenizd prensure deiice eonneeed with :seid pre1",` ire ineens und with said condor-ling n I l d J'.erenfinl device having a. gul eenthe pn ge of Suid See-ond lewiug runen through Suid eonl'rol Valve. fn apparatus e den i -rmubinnion nl u nii/iin provided with a Venturi connection, und eonstitning ineens for eniuhlishingj :L (.lilqerenee in pr( ure of :i l'louine sulilnnce, eonfluils lending Sep- :i1u"f 'lroin #he lnxrrel und lhroet of said venturi, conducting; ineens for u Seeond flowingl substance for eondueeing it to u, substance to ne treated, n control, vulve locured in Suid conducting' ineuns for causing u' drop in pressure of said Second Flowing sulis mure, 1L differential pressure device connee'ed with Suid pressure, ireuns through Huid conduire und willi said conducting nieuw nbhoth sides of said vulve, Huid dii- 'ereniizil device hin/innr :l vulve eontrollingl the passage o' Suid seeond flowing nuhstunee through Suid control vulve,

n appa 'utils of the einen described, the eoniliinuiion of lneuns for establishing u dil ference in liquid pressure through ehe ine diuin of the liquid lo be treated, u Source of ,que Supply comprising two charged cylindeba, ,dus eondueting said gels 'Lo ,uuid liquid und hnving brunch eonduil's lending sepuruely from' Huid c yiinders, u control vulve leruted in Suid con- 'duidingineens for ainsingm drop in pres- -unie m" seid gus, :i differential preusure Iei'ice connected 'willi Suid liquid-presmzre menus und with Suid conducting ineens :l liolih Hides oi yuuid vulve, unid liTerenliul derive haring :L vulve controlling the pussuge of gus through Suid eonrol vulve., :L` vulve l'or milroliing #uid ln'uneh'eonduir und ineens for auomutienlly operating Huid lui! for vulve by the emptying of one. of snidevlinders. f v

l. in, ippurnlzun ol (he eluss denerihed, the eoinhinulion olj men 't 'er whouhliuhiiig u iierenee in preferire oi' :l lionfing sulisunee, eondudzing ineens i'o :i eerond flowing" sul .stance for conductin it to a substance to be treated, a control va ve located in said co1i ductin means for causing a drop in pressure o said sccondflowing substance, said said diferential device having a valve coiitrolling the passage of said second flowing substance through said control valve.

5. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of means for establisliin a difference in pressure of' a flowiner su stance, conducting means for a second owing 4substance for conducting it to a substance to be treated, a control valve located in said conductin means for causing a drop in pres fg said second flbwing substance and a differential pressure device including two chambers separated by a diaphragm, the said chambers being separately connected with the high and low sides respectively of said pressure means and with said conducting means at both sides of said valve, said differential device khaving a valve control-k ling the passage of said second flowing substance through said control valve according to the drop in pressure of said pressure pressure device connected with said pressure means and with said conducting means at p both-sides of said valve, said differential device vhaving a valve controlling the passage of said second substance through said control valve, and means for preventing leaks age of said second substance to the side of I said differential pressure device for the first said flowing substance and for transmitting 'power to said valve of said device with re duced friction.

7. In apparatus ofthe class described, the

combinatIon of means for establishing a difference in 'pressure'of a flowing substance, conducting means for a second flowing subm stance for conducting it to a substance to be treated, a control valve located in said conductingr means for causing a drop in pressure of said second flowing substance, and a differential pressure device connected with said Ipressure means and with said conducting'means at both sides of said valve, said differential device having a cons'tricted passage and a needle valve controlling said passage and the passage of said second flowing substance in said control valve.

8. In apparatusof the class described, the combination of means for establishing a difference in pressure of4 a flowing substance, conducting means for a second flowing substance for conducting it to a substance to be treated, means for indicating the pressure of 'said second substance as it comes from said source of supply, a control valve located in saidconducting means for causin a drop in pressure of said second flowing su stance, and a differential pressure device located between`said indicating means and said control valve, and connected with vsaid pressure means and with said conducting means at both sides of said valve, said differential device having a valve contrtolling the passage of said second flowing substance through said control valve. i

9. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of means for establishing a difference in pressure of a flowing substance, conducting means for a. second flowing substance for conducting it to la"substance to be treated, ya control valve located in said conducting means for causing a drop in pressure of said second flowing substance, a differential pressure device connected with said pressure means and with said conducting means at both-sides of said valve, said dif ferential device having a valve controlling the passage of said second flowingv substance across said control valve, and means for in-l dicating the reduced pressure of said second substance flowing through the said control valve. i

l0. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of means for establishing a difference in pressure of a flowing substance, conducting means for a second flowing substance for conducting it to a substance to be treated, a control valve located in said oonducting means for causing a drop in pressure of said second flowing substance, a differential pressure device connected with said pressure means and with said conductingmeans at both sides of said valve, said differential device having a valve controlling' the passage of said second flowing substance v through said control valve, and a metering` lin pressure of said second flowing substance,

a differential pressureV device connected with said pressure means and with` saidycondut# substance and located between said control ve and the point of application of said .nd snostanoe to said substance to be` ted. Y

in apparatus of the class described, combination of means for establishing a in pressure of a llowin substance,

dnt ng means for a second owing subf .ce :tor conducting it to a substance to be treated, a control valve located in said' conducting rneans forcausing' a drop in pressure or said second-flowing substance, a differential. pressure device connected with said,

pressure means and with said conductintg' means at both sides of said valve, said di ferentiai device having a Valvecontrolling. the 'passage of said second flowing substance 1 nnrough said control valve, and a back ressure. valve iocated ahead of the point o? appiication of said second flowing substance to said substance to be treated, and comprising a diaphragrny regulated valve-proper.

13. in apparatus of the class described,

" the combination of means for-establishing a diiierence in liquid pressure through the medium of the liquid to be treated, a source of gas supply., gas conducting means for conducting said gas to said liquid., a control valve located in said conducting means' for causing s. drop iii-pressure of saidgas, e difiereni f pressure device connected with' ,uidpressure means and with said it i device' having a valve conassage of gas through said cone, and means fordischarging said int said iiqnid comprising a: porous body rough. which said gas is diffused into the said iiquid.

le; in apparatus-'of r the class described, the combination of means for establishing pans at both sides of said valve,

a difference in pressure of a flowing substance, conducting means for a secondiiovving substance for conducting it to a substance to be treated, a control valve located in said conducting means for causing a drop in pressure of said second flowing substance, a differential pressure device connected Wit-l1 said pressure means andv with said conduct- 'ing means at both sides of said valve, said differential device having a valve controlling the passage of said second liowing substance through said control valve, and means for .'mete'ring and measuring sald second flowing substancebefore it .is'discharged into said substance to 'be treated, comprising a flow meter/associated therewith and provided with a fixed orifice to measure the drop in pressure across it.

15. In apparatus of 'the kind described, the combinationof means for establishing a dierential pressurein a flowing fluid; means for furnishing a supply of gas under pressure; a variable constricted passage through which said gasows Wl'fereby the proportion of gas to-iowingv fluidL may be 'fixed at will; and means for varying the How of gas through said passage Without altering the predetermined iixed proportion 'of gas to Iilluid, said means being connected to, and dependent for its operation upon, the means for establishing a differential pressure in the flowing Huid, and being adapted ath for said gas to the fluid, 

